Non-maskable, highest priority vectored interrupt. Used for critical emergencies like power failures.
The 8085 microprocessor has the following architecture:
The 8085 communicates with memory and I/O using its 16-bit address bus and 8-bit data bus. Using memory mapping ( ), the 8085 can address 64 KB of memory (RAM/ROM).
Gaonkar famously tests students on addressing modes. The PPT must include examples:
: The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs 8-bit operations, with the 8-bit Accumulator (Register A) serving as the primary storage for operation results. Register Array : It features six general-purpose 8-bit registers ( ) that can be paired ( ) to handle 16-bit operations. 16-bit Special Registers Program Counter (PC) : Points to the memory address of the next instruction. Stack Pointer (SP) : Manages temporary data during subroutines. Flag Register
This is often the scariest part for students. The PPT should group pins logically:
Performs 8-bit operations like Addition, Subtraction, AND, OR, etc.. Registers: Temporary storage for data and addresses. Control Unit: Generates timing signals to coordinate all operations. Slideshare Slide 4: Register Organization Accumulator (A): The primary 8-bit register for ALU operations. General Purpose Registers:
: Includes a massive 330-slide deck specifically on the Gaonkar curriculum.
Gaonkar categorizes the 8085 instructions into five functional groups: Data Transfer, Arithmetic, Logical, Branching, and Machine Control. These instructions interact with memory through five Addressing Modes Immediate: Data is part of the instruction (e.g., MVI A, 40H Data is stored in registers (e.g., The memory address is specified in the instruction. A register pair (like H-L) holds the memory address. The operand is hidden within the opcode (e.g., for complement accumulator). Conclusion
: Many Indian engineering colleges (e.g., Rajdhani College ) provide chapter-wise PDFs and PPTs on topics like interrupts and instruction timing. Visualizing the Register Structure
A 16-bit register that sequences execution by storing the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched.
Comprehensive guide based on Ramesh Gaonkar's standard textbook framework.
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